The Pentagon Papers essays

The Pentagon Papers essays On June 13 1971, governmental accountability and the American peoples faith in their government was lost as the New York Times published the top secret - sensitive Pentagon Papers. Commissioned by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and written by Daniel Ellsberg, this 7 000-page document outlines the American Involvement in Vietnam from the 1940s to the late 1960s. It included specific details on everything from the CIAs involvement in the early 1950s up to Nixon and Kissingers discussions on using nuclear weapons during the later stages of the war. This paper will outline expert opinion on this document, some will be for the value of the papers and others will discount their true value. However the main purpose is to give a well rounded view of whether national security or public awareness takes precedence in an extremely volatile situation, such as the Vietnam War. The key to understanding the Pentagon Papers, is understanding two key men Robert McNamara and Daniel Ellsberg. It was McNamaras mind which envisioned them and Ellsbergs hand which opened them to the public; however these two arent as different from each other as they may seem. Robert McNamara was secretary of defense for both the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies; he was also keen to understand how the entire Vietnamese situation came about from 1945 onwards. This is considered by many to be the primary reason for the compilation of the Pentagon Papers, McNamara has stated he wanted to preserve the information for scholars to study in future years . McNamara could see the war was going badly and he may have also wanted background into a conflict that had been boiling over since well before the Kennedy Administration. He commissioned the document in June 1967 citing that he wanted an encyclopedic history of the Vietnam war written within the department of defense and put Leslie Gelb in charge of...

Selected Quotes from Virgils The Aeneid

Selected Quotes from Virgils The Aeneid Virgil (Vergil) wrote The Aeneid, a story about a Trojan hero. The Aeneid has been compared with Homers Iliad and Odyssey   partly because Virgil was influenced by and borrowed from Homers works. Written by one of the earliest great poets, The Aeneid has inspired a number of the greatest writers and poets in world literature. Here are a few quotes from The Aeneid. Perhaps these lines will inspire you too! I sing of arms and of a man: his fatehad made him fugitive: he was the firstto journey from the coasts of Troy as faras Italy and the Lavinian shoresAcross the lands and waters he was batteredbeneath the violence of the high ones forthe savage Junos unforgetting anger.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 1, lines 1-7For full three hundred years, the capitaland rule of Hectors race shall be at Alba,until a royal priestess Iliawith child by Mars, has brought to birth twin sons.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 1, lines 380-3just as the bees in early summer, busybeneath the sunlight through the flowered meadows.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 1, lines 611-12The man you seek is here. I stand before you,Trojan Aeneas, torn from Libyan waves.O you who were alone in taking pityon the unutterable trials of Troy,who welcome us as allies to your cityand home- a remnant left by Greeks, harassedby all disasters known on land and sea.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 1, lines 836-842tell us all / things from the first beginn ing: Grecian guile,your peoples trials, and then your journeyings.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 1, lines 1049-51 Do youbelieve the enemy have sailed away?Or think that any Grecian gifts are freeof craft? Is this the way Ulysses acts?Either Achaeans hide, shut in this wood,or else this is an engine built againstour walls...I fear the Greeks, even when they bring gifts.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 2, lines 60-70four times it stalled before the gateway, at the very threshold;four times the arms clashed loud inside its belly.Nevertheless, heedless, blinded by frenzy,we press right on and set the inauspiciousmonster inside the sacred fortress.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 2, lines 335-339Poor husband, what wild thought drives youto wear these weapons now? Where would you rush?- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 2, lines 699-700If you go off to die, then take us, too,to face all things with you; but if your paststill lets you put your hope in arms, which nowyou have put on, then first protect this house.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 2, lines 914-7Why are you mangling me, Aeneas? Sparemy body. I am buried here. Do spa rethe profanation of your pious hands.I am no stranger to you; I am Trojan.The blood you see does not flow from a stem.Flee from these cruel lands, this greedy shore,for I am Polydorus; here an ironharvest of lances covered my pierced body.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 3, lines 52-59 until an awful hunger and your wrongin slaughtering my sisters has compelledyour jaws to gnaw as food your very tables.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 3, lines 333-5Along the banks beneath the branching ilex,a huge white sow stretched out upon the groundtogether with a new-delivered litterof thirty suckling white pigs at her teats- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 3, lines 508-11I am of Ithaca and sailed for Troy,a comrade of unfortunate Ulysses;my name is Achaemenides.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 3, lines 794-6Let us make, instead of war,an everlasting peace and plighted wedding.You have what you were bent upon: she burnswith love; the frenzy now is in her bones.Then let us rule this people - you and I-with equal auspices...- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 4, lines 130-136Are you now laying the foundations of high Carthage, as servant to a woman?- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 4, lines 353-4Pity your sister- as a final kindness.When he has granted it, I shall repaymy debt, and with full interest, by my death .- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 4, lines 599-601 Do not let love or treaty tie our peoples.May an avenger rise up from my bones,one who will track with firebrand and swordthe Dardan settlers, now and in the future,at any time that ways present themselves.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 4, lines 861-6The circling yearcompletes its months since we entombed in earththe bones and remnants of my godlike father.Unless I err, that anniversaryis here, the day that I shall always keepin grief and honor...- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 5, lines 61-7At this the loud outcries of Saliusreach everyone within that vast arena.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 5, lines 448-9In my sleepthe image of the prophet Cassandraappeared and offered blazing brands. Look herefor Troy; here is your home! she cried. The timeto act is now; such signs do not allowdelay. Here are four altars raised to Neptune;the god himself gives us the will, the torches.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 5, lines 838-44I see wars, horrid wars, the Tiber foamingwith much blood.You shall have your Simoisy our Xanthus, and your Doric camp; alreadythere is in Latium a new Achilles.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 6, lines 122-5 all these you see are helpless and unburied.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 6, line 427And I could notbelieve that with my going I should bringso great a grief as this. But stay your steps.Do not retreat from me. Whom do you flee?This is the last time fate will let us speak.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 6, lines 610-3There are two gates of Sleep: the one is saidto be of horn, through it an easy exitis given to true Shades; the other is madeof polished ivory, perfect glittering,but through that way the Spirits send false dreamsinto the world above. And here Anchises,when he is done with words, accompaniesthe Sibyl and his son together; andhe sends them through the gate of ivory.- Virgil, The Aeneid, Book 6, lines 1191-1199 More Info General Book Club Questions for Study and DiscussionWhich character do you most like?How to Determine a Reading ScheduleWhat is a classic? More Info. General Book Club Questions for Study and DiscussionWhich character do you most like?How To Determine a Reading ScheduleWhat is a classic?Quotes

Video Analysis 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video Analysis 3 - Essay Example The company prioritizes in delivering the highest quality and service in order to please the customers. For this there are several measures that the company takes. One of these is working closely with mills and manufacturers in order to retain quality of products as well as design. This can also be considered as formulating the bases of a competitive advantage in the way all the products are consistent and specified to cater to customer needs. In addition, all products are tested to guarantee comfort through trails conducted on the local residents, such as â€Å"wear test† and â€Å"fit test† on various types of garments. Furthermore service is a focused aspect of their marketing strategy with guarantees for each product and extensive training to employees to please the customer. Some foreseeable challenges for Lands’ End as far as improvements in its way of organizational buying are concerned have to do with the rapid improvement in technology. The adaptation of this technology not just as part of their operations but also those of their suppliers and manufacturers is a critical measure that they should take in order to ensure overall efficiently and communication. A second challenge has to do with the rapidly changing consumer interests and hence monitoring the marketplace closely. This is followed closely by having a accurate system in place which anticipates the quantities of products which are in high demand. Since instant delivery is a integral part of their system having the right product at the right time is critical for customer

International Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Economic - Essay Example This period of years also showed a significant economic strategy shift with a new approach to industrialization and more intervention on the part of the government. In this period there was a major program by the government about investments and it was labeled â€Å"Big Push† and it was launched in year 1973 to ensure that Korea had a comparative advantage. This program was characterized by an escalation in inflation levels as well as a slump in export growth. There was also the rise in the ratios of capital to output and dismal performance of the income distribution. During this period the rate of exchange was set at a fixed point such that it could improve in real terms. Despite being viewed as a mistake in policy making, some of the investments set had been seen to appreciate reasonably. Over the period starting from 1979 to 1982, the characteristic of the Korean economy was that of crisis subsequent to the assassination that was done to their then president as well as the decline in the agricultural produce. Besides these negative factors were the oil shocks. After the assassination of Park (the president) in 1979, the military took over the control of the economy in 1980 led by General Chun Hwan and he was later, in 1981, elected as the country’s president. He ruled up to year 1988. ... During the years 1980 and 1981 the rates of exchange were devalued, but the fiscal and monetary policies’ direction alternated. Korea continued to borrow huge amounts to ensure investments were stable. In year 1982, exports had stagnated, and inflation had fallen resulting to a small decline in the accumulation of deficits of the current account. Over the period of 1983 to 1986, there was some recovery. In years 1983 and 1984 there was a significant recovery in the economy and towards the year 1986, the growth stagnated due to a fall in the global demand levels. (Collins and Park, 1989) For over two decades, South Korea had almost the entire of its focus on raising its levels of the export profits but it did not manage to get above the deficit levels. In 1986, the economy saw its first break through when the trade balance levels reflected a positive figure of USD 4.2 billion. Current account balance continued to reflect a rise for the following three years and the highest poin t was reached in 1988- the year of Seoul Olympics. Surplus of trade was 11.5 billion USD during that year. From the year 1990 through 1996, there were deficits recorded as they came back to haunt the economy. This was with the exception of a minute surplus of 1993. The deficit in year 1996 was USD 15.3 billion. The reason for this was many with the inclusion of the currency of South Korea’s behavior towards foreign currencies. There were constant raises in wage levels setting in from 1987 and this led to a negative impact on the terms of trade. Exports returns were based on few specific items like steel, semiconductors, and for which market was too sensitive and volatility was high. (Kleiner, 2001 p259) In year 2009, the current account of the economy of South

A Shropshire Lad Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shropshire: A Place of Imagined Sexual Contentment Published in 1869, A.E. Housman’s A Shropshire Lad stands as one of the most socially acclaimed collections of English poetry from the Victorian age. This period in British history, however, proves, by judiciary focus (the Criminal Law Amendment of 1885), to be conflictive with Housman’s own internal conflicts concerning the homoerotic tendencies which he discovered in his admiration of fellow Oxford student Moses Jackson. Housman, much unlike other English literary figures such as Oscar Wilde and Thomas hardy, was not an artist who found it necessary to directly confront Britain with any political dissention imposed by is works. Instead, "for Housman the discovery of self was so disturbing and disconcerting that poetry came as a way of disclosing it" (Bayley 44). The county of Shropshire is central to much of his poetry, but it is employed merely as "a personification of the writer’s memories, dreams and affections;" meanwhile, Housmanâ€℠¢s central character is one "who could at once be himself and not himself" (Scott-Kilvert 26). In what Housman himself regarded to be one of his best poems, "XXVII: Is my team ploughing," the focus is placed upon a conversation between a dead man and one of his friends from his previous life (Housman 18). "XXII: The street sounds to the soldiers’ tread;" meanwhile, expresses an emotional wonder discovered in the eyes of a passing soldier (Housman 15). Both the ambiguous quality of the dead man’s last question (18 ll. 25-26) in poem XXVII and the nature of the chance encounter in XXII stand to exemplify the subtle undercurrent of Housman’s own enigmatic sexuality. "Is my team ploughing" is in the form of "the primitive ballad metres, which Housman revived," and primarily "employed for a poetry not of action but of introspection" (Scott-Kilvert 25). The piece begins by the dead man’s questioning of such trivialities as his "team" (l. 1) that he "used to drive" (l. 2), and "football" (l. 9) being played "Along the river shore" (l. 10). The other speaker responds to the dead man’s questions with a partially abrasive tone as can be interpreted by lines 7-8 in which ... ...t some fickleness therein. It must be said in conclusion if these works do in fact mirror the "thoughts at heart" within Housman, that his sexuality combined with his philosophy of love culminate in an intensely masochistic lifestyle. Such is reflected by the guilt that is obviously associated by the speaker of "Is my team ploughing" deciding to take his dead friend’s sweetheart. In poem XXII the speaker relays the contentment which he finds in the mutual emotions of love between he and the redcoat, but at the same time XXVII relays the frustrations ultimately found in being alone. To invest such emotional intensity only to knowingly find unrequited perspectives manifests itself as personified hope in both poems of which speak of experiences of intimate gratification and internal content. Works Cited Bayley, John. Housman’s Poems. Clarendon’s Press, Oxford. 1992. Hoagwood, Terrence Allen. A.E Housman Revisited. Twayne Publishers, N.Y. 1995. Housman, A.E. A Shropshire Lad. Ed. Stanley Appelbaum. General Publishing Co., Ltd., Toronto. 1990. Scott-Kilvert, Ian. A.E. Housman: Writers and Their Work No. 69. Longmans, Green and Co., London. 1965.

Important Factors in Employee Motivation Essay

Important Factors in Employee Motivation The motivation of employees is one of the most vital requirements in the contemporary business development. People from all works of life may hold distinct views towards the topic that what are the radical motivating factors. Actually, it was salary that used to be considered as the most important motivators, as financial reward was comparatively proposed to be traded on impelling hirelings’ motivation, according to some early theories(Wiley,1997). However, some different factors of motivation, which now are universally favored by companies and conglomerates, may be more essential than personal emolument. This essay attempts to demonstrate these major factors in motivating employees, including empowerment, esteem demands and compensation in both physical and psychological aspects. Delegating more responsibility to workers is an efficacious way to increase job satisfaction, as well as employees motivation (Herzberg,1987 cited in Madura,2008). It means employees may be motivated by being involved in general affairs or being offered the power to participate in decision making, which can be equivalently called empowerment (Madura,2008) and this has been executed at numerous companies or by some notable people such as Warren Buffet. Once he left the investment in his manager and employees’ charge even without any periodical supervision, only in the case that the manager demanded to have a deliberation for exigent matters. Therefore,the personnels were empowered and they would devote all themselves to work, in order to accomplish a better consequence, since so colossal responsibility were on their shoulders (Luke,2011). Strikingly, it not only promoted the production but also increased employees’ enthusiasm and required capacity for later work. In addition, Tesco, a world famous conglomerate for commodity and service offering, also attaches importance to responsibility delegation. It stages informal discussion annually, deliberating salary raise with the workers and constantly adopt proper recommendations for food going onto the cartes in its restaurants from the staff. Employees thence be motivated to provide their enterprise with creative and proper ideas(The Times 100, 2010), cumbering with considerable duties. Equally important, esteem demands such as self-respect and respect from others,especially recognition for the works the employees have done can impel motivation to a certain extent. Full appreciation for hard work could helps erect self-esteem by concentrating on employees’ value for the firm and then the company may capacitate employees to reach their needs (Madura,2008). Nonetheless, although employees do need appreciation for work done, investigation illustrates that employers merely acknowledge recognition for employees’ work . Also, principles for presenting appreciation, consisting of description of required actions, explanation for appreciating and expressing gratitudes (Cherrington, 1992, pp. 2-3,cited in Wiley, 1997) should be followed, otherwise, it might be invalid. Take Tesco for example, it usually makes its employees feel satisfied in work by communicating with them regularly to help employees set individual goals and sum up the work they have done. What’s more,Tesco invites its workers to participate in a survey named Viewpoint every year, affording them the chances to present any opinions on nearly all fields of their work. T hus, employee motivation becomes higher as the value they have in various aspects are recognized and get the respect from their firms. Sufficient compensations related to employee outstanding achievement, can have positive effects on reinforcing employees because people will usually be motivated by being rewarded for their work. Financial rewards, together with non-financial factors, contributes to people’s getting into the swing of their job. For example, some firms like Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company offers bonuses to workers based on its profit and the average money that Nucor pays to its employees as premiums can even be more than the medial base salary(Madura,2008). Both of the two companies compensate employees with financial rewards. Apart from that,some non-financial factors may do a more adequate job of motivating workers, such as personal skill promoting and developing opportunities (The Times 100,2010). According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, self-actualization is the final category to reach but beneficial to people if fulfilled. Best Buy organized a program to gather some employees to work and live together, getting trainings and texts. Meanwhile they were required to discuss to think of ideas for their goods sale. During this program, people who performed well in the groups can even had an opportunity to get extra management training and they then would be more likely to get promotion. Consequently, Best Buy motivated employees by promoting them with additional trainings as compensations besides pay raises and could enhance the enterprise’s creativity at the same time (Reena,2009 cited in Luke, 2011). Still some people, however, may insist on advocating salary as the most important factor in motivating. Although it is true that payment, as a kind of physiological need among five categories of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is the foundation that people depend on for existence, itwill not absolutely result in increasing of staffs activeness. Instead, inadequacy of hygiene needs will lead to employees’ dissatisfaction for work. Dissatisfaction dose not mean no satisfaction because â€Å"dissatisfaction† may produce negative influence while â€Å"no satisfaction† will just keep unchangeable(Herzberg, 1987). As a result, adequate salary will only prevent employees from becoming dissatisfied rather than motivating them. Furthermore, as market conditions have transformed speedily and innovation continues, most people do not just work for money to survive, but for experiencing the life and actualizing personal worth. In this case, salary may have almost little effect in motivating, compared with other motivators mentioned above. From what have been discussed above, motivation now is extremely a significant problem in management of business and companies all over the world and it is widely acknowledged that fundamental factors to motivate employees need to be correctly understand. Management practices in companies and theories published by experts both contribute to the fact that important factors in motivation are complex and more than just salary. Delegating responsibility to employees can empowers them to be more active in work and appreciating the work they have done will meet individual esteem needs, preventing them from feeling undervalued. While compensation includes salary raises and non-financial rewards both can affect employees job satisfaction related to motivation.

Speculative Desires and an Unchanging Western Hostility

The article â€Å"US Policy Toward Political Islam† by Stephen Zunes is a thoroughly researched topic. His depictions of a greedy, judgmental America are accurate and to the point. While there is a good chunk of useful suggestions that may have created less hostility from our Eastern counterparts, it is not logical or possible to say that following these sanctions out would have changed the outcome of the last ten years. What can be said of these ideas, is that following a more honest approach to politics through US policies would have given America a much needed transparency. Many of the extremist groups are founded on the hatred of American downfalls such as our tendency to overtake their lands by military force in order to exploit the lands†¦show more content†¦This has led to the extremist groups attack of American policies and ideals. While it was necessary for our involvement in the first World War, it is not necessary now. The Palestinians living in East Jerusa lem are living in horrible conditions at the hands of their Israeli oppressors. In this case, not taking a stand would at the very least strain our relationship with Israel, but improve our relations with Islamic countries of the Middle East. While there are a host of options laid out by Zunes in his article to directly affect our policies abroad, we must consider teaching tolerance at home. Children should be required to attend ethnicity/cultural sensitivity courses in elementary school. Colleges should require all freshman to take a more advanced study of global cultures. These classes would expose the world’s top religions, compare them with our American values, and explain why different is not bad. If schools took a more direct approach to prejudices and just plain wrong information, as nation, we could create children devoid of ignorant opinions. Perhaps had this course been taken years ago, Miss. Teen USA could have answered the question regarding why American children cannot read maps. While it is impossible to create a completely aware and culturally sensitive generation, we can eliminate a huge amount of misplaced ill will towards those who come from different cultures and religions. It is possible to make the outcomes possibilities, but we will neverShow MoreRelatedImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesgood example of that axiom from history. Back in the twelfth century, when we were looking up at a Sun going round the Earth because Aristotle and the Church said that’s the way it was, we were also looking up at what we thought was a perfect and unchanging universe, since if it had been created on day one of creation by the Deity, it had to be perfect. If it were perfect, there would be no change up there to see, so we didn’t look up much. At the same time, however, the Chinese were busy getting aRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesgood example of that axiom from history. Back in the twelfth century, when we were looking up at a Sun going round the Earth because Aristotle and the Church said that’s the way it was, we were also looking up at what we thought was a perfect and unchanging universe, since if it had be en created on day one of creation by the Deity, it had to be perfect. If it were perfect, there would be no change up there to see, so we didn’t look up much. At the same time, however, the Chinese were busy getting aRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanagement guru The ‘experimental’ Relay Assembly Test Room used in the Hawthorne Studies Neo-modernist open systems Three layers of organization culture A snapshot taken by a British Officer showing German and British troops fraternizing on the Western Front during the Christmas truce of 1914 The operation of three types of control in relation to an organizational task Factors impacting on the viability of different forms of control Postmodern pastiche architecture in Las Vegas Business sponsoringRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto help them in deciding how to proceed in the future. However, there is no way in which the past can be influenced, so the b est one can do is to attempt to learn from it instead of being constrained by it. If an organization simply continues on unchanging routes its viability is almost certain to be endangered as the environment changes but it does not. Stage One is concerned with establishing the ways in which the past brought the organization to its present position. The present is transient: itRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesChristopher Columbus was a brave explorer, an adventurer, a breaker of new ground. Unlike Leif Ericson of Norway and other explorers who also visited the Western Hemisphere before Columbus, Columbus was the principal European who caused large numbers of other Europeans to follow him to the hemisphere. He was integral in causing the Western hemisphere to now have its long history of European culture. He brought new technology and new religion that spread throughout the hemisphere. He sent attack